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Rasayan or the science of rejuvenation
This branch deals with increasing the longevity of one’s life and building up immunity. It adopts herbs that can enhance rasas (fluid that is the main energy-giver of the body).
Some important rasayans: amla (gooseberry), shilajit, ashwagandha, triphala.

Agad tantra or Toxicology
This branch deals with getting rid of toxins from the human body. This would also mean avoiding a combination of food that could turn ‘poison’ in one’s body. It also talks about antidotes to various kinds of venom.

Shalya tantra  or surgery
Though with the Buddhist influences and the practice of non-violence led to the gradual cutting down in the use of surgery, Ayurveda does have a text on surgery.
Just 200 years after the Charaka Samahita was written, the Sushrut Samahita was penned down. The Charaka Samahita describes a condition shastra karma—a time when the disease cannot be cured by medicines alone—and prescribes surgery for this situation. But the Sushrut Samahita is more elaborate on this procedure.
Sushrut prescribes the use of two kinds of instruments: Yantra (a blunt instrument) and Shastra (sharp instrument) for surgery.
The text also tells of a number of herbs with anti-biotic characteristics to make sure that there are no infections in the post-operative period.
Shalakya tantra or ENT(ear, nose, throat)
This deals with diagnosis, prevention, treatment for diseases of the ear, nose and throat. Shalakya means probe, and this shows the importance of using a probe to diagnose any problems with these organs. This text is written in such detail that it has covered all aspects that modern day studies are discovering.

Bala roga or Paediatrics
This branch deals with all treatment for children—right from the birth to their teens. Proper growth, building of immunity and development of the child has been discussed in detail. This branch also tells what an expectant mother should eat and how she can ensure the delivery of a healthy child.

Bajikaran or the science of aphrodisiac
This covers aspects such as infertility and enhancement of sexual energy. It deals with problems such as low sperm count and impotence.

Kaya chikitsa or general medicine
Kaya means body and this branch deals with all ailments of the body. This method, however, talks of a more psycho-somatic way of dealing with diseases. It tries to find the root cause of the disease, the entry point of the disease and prescribes medicines and a lifestyle that can help uproot the disease from the body.

Bhoot vidya or Psychiatry
This branch deals with mental disorders. It prescribes medicines, yoga and medicines for curing mental illnesses.